Assignment 15 Midterm Test

Note: Please copy paste this test into MS Word. Key is available upon request to Dr. Flores.


HISPANICS IN THE MEDIA - TEST #1 – Fall 08
Texas A&M University-Kingsville

Name__________________________Grade__________________

I. Multiple Choice: Please circle the letter of the correct answer (You May Also write the letter in the space next to the selections to make your decision more clear).

1. The person who led the Department of Health, Education and Welfare Office of Education task force that chose “Hispanic” as the term to be used in the 1980 census was:

a. Clara E. Rodríguez
b. Jovita Idar
c. Grace Flores-Hughes
d. Carlota Berg

2. The person who felt that the term “Latino” should be used as an “umbrella” term because “in recent years” the term had “supplanted the more imprecise and bureaucratic designation of Hispanic” was:

a. Luis Valdez
b. Charles Ramírez Berg
c. Efraín Gutiérrez
d. Clara E. Rodríguez


3. The Ad Hoc Committee on Racial and Ethnic Definitions was formed in

a. 1975 b. 1988 c. 1954 d. 1979

4. The most powerful weapon that the Spanish conquistadores introduced to the New World, according to your text, when they arrived was

a. the horse b. the rifle c. the printing press d. the Catholic church

5. The term Hispanic had these consequences for many:

a. One day, millions woke up and were Hispanic
b. The term reminded many of the Spanish atrocities during colonization.
c. Only "A" is correct.
d. None of the above are correct

6. According to your text, the Office of Education task force's definition and constraints to the term Hispanic was narrowed to include all but which of the statements below

a. all people of Spanish surname, Italian surname, Brazilian
surname and any and all islanders and indigenous peoples who may or may not have mingled with the conquering Spaniards who literally changed the world.
b. people who would be identified as having Spanish and/or
indigenous roots in those Western Hemisphere countries once colonized by Spain.
c. eliminated all "not of Hispanic origin" in the Black and White categories.
d. people born in the United States with ties to those having ties to Spanish
and/or indigenous roots in those Western Hemisphere countries once colonized by Spain, to include parts of the American Southwest.

7. To Grace Flores-Hughes, the term "Latino" had many negatives, according to your text. Which statement below would Grace Flores-Hughes not agree with?

a. it reminded her of the negative form in which terms was used while she was growing up in Texas.
b. the term related back to ancient Rome and could be interpreted to include people from Italy and other southern European countries.
c. the term was all encompassing for all people of Spanish lineage.
d. Latino is a term we gave ourselves and better describes our indigenous roots while foregoing the betrayal of the Spanish conquest.

8. The Aztecs developed a form of ideographic writing that was capable of expressing great feeling and poetry. Which statement below is true about the Aztecs writing systems?

a. Stamps, small clay objects, used to make impressions have survived the
ravages of time and greed and show the extensive use of the Aztecs
ideographic writing.
b. When the Spanish conquistadores arrived, the Aztec had highly-
developed libraries with many books, including novels, poetry and a highly
sophisticated record-keeping and historical recording system.
c. After the conquest by Spain, the use of clay stamps was restricted to printing of trademarks, pottery, confectionary and, in some places, identification.
d. All of the above are correct.



9. The language spoken by the indigenous, for example the Aztecs, at the time of the arrival of the Spanish conquistadores was.

a. Mexchicano b. Nahuatl c. Mayan d. Spanish


10. The person who published the first books and newssheets in New Spain was:

a. Leo Cervantes b. Juan de Zumárraga c. Félix Valera y Morales d. Federico Subvervi

11. The type of paper the Aztecs used to make their book was

a. amatl b. papíer maché c. papel picado d. papyrus

12. The first regularly published news medium in the Americas was

a. The Boston News-Letter b. Publick Occurrences c. El Papel Nuevo d. El Mercurio Volante

13. The first newspaper in New Spain was published in ______while the first newspaper in what is now the United States was published in ______________.

a. 1598, 1662 b. 1693, 1704
c. 1808, 1176 d. 1836, 1945

14. Spanish vaqueros from Texas participated in what war in 1776?

a. U.S./Mexico War b. the American Revolution
c. The Texas Revolution c. the Mexican War of Independence


15. While there is some debate over when the first book was published in what is now the New World, what is certain is that books in New Spain were published at least ________ years prior to when the first book (The Bay Psalm Book) was published in what were then the 13 American colonies in 1704.

a. 50
b. 100
c. 150
d. 5

16. The first Spanish-language newspaper published in what is now the United States was:

a. El Misisipi in 1808
b. La Gaceta in 1908
c. El Crepúsculo de la Liberta in 1846
d. La Patria in 1776


17. The first newspaper published in Texas, according to the text, was

a. El México Tejano b. El Crepúsculo de Los Tejanos
c. El Misisipi d. La Gaceta de Texas

18. The year that the first newspaper was published in Texas was:

a. 1776 b. 1813 c. 1848 d. 1519

19. The first newspaper in Texas was published in ____________ and distributed in ___________.

a. Natchitoches, La., and Nacogdoches, Texas.
b. New Orleans, La., and San Antonio, Texas.
c. Matamoros, Tamps. and San Jacinto, Texas
d. Saltillo, Mexico, and Laredo, Texas

20. Those credited with the printing of the first Spanish-language newspaper in Texas were:

a. José de Escandon and Bernardo Maximiliano Gutíerrez de Lara.
b. José Álvarez de Toledo and Bernardo Maximiliano Gutíerrez de Lara.
c. Vito Alesio Robles and Bernal Díaz
d. Hernán Cortes y Chuatemoc Iglesias

21. During 19th century New Mexico, los periodiqueros, were credited with developing:

a. a culture of Hispanic dominance.
b. a culture of repression
c. a culture of print
d. none of the above are correct


22. Which of the following is not true of Félix Valera Y Morales.

a. The newspaper he founded in Pennsylvania was named El Habanero.
b. He was born in Cuba and has been nominated for sainthood.
c. He was the first Hispanic newspaper publisher in the United States.
d. the Al Día Foundation has honored bestows the largest cash prize in Hispanic journalism - worth $20,000 - in his honor.
e. All of the above are correct.
f. All but c are correct

23. The two major newspapers that the Idar family established in South Texas were:

a. La Crónica and Evolución
b. El Crepúsculo and La Republica
c. La Prensa and El Editor
d. El Correo and El Gato

24. While there is little research on Chicano newspapers, at least one comprehensive book detailing the writing of one staffer for a Chicano newspaper has been written and is mentioned in the text. That book is:

a. Efrain Guiterrez’s “Growing up Chicano.”
b. “Despierten Hermanos” by Mingo Chavez
c. Enríqueta Vasquez’s “El Grito del Norte Writings”
d. Jose Ángel Gutiérrez ‘s“A Gringo’s Manual on Handling Chicanos.”

25. According to your text, the number of Spanish-language or Hispanic-serving daily newspapers is grown and circulation continues to grow. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

a. Circulation of Spanish-language dailies has grown from less than 200,000 in 1970 to than 1.6 million in the 21st century.
b. The number of Spanish-language daily newspapers grew from less than 10 to more than 40 from 1970 to the 21st century.
c. In 1970 there were more than 200 Spanish-language newspapers in the U.S. Today there are more than 700 (dailies and weeklies).
d. All of the above are correct.
e. Only a and c are correct.

II. Definitions

Please identify the terms below. Use the textbook definition if possible, but you are allowed to elaborate on your own terms. Use the space between the words to write down your answers. Good luck.

1. Chicano/a




2. Mexican American




3. Latino/a





4. Hispanic






5. Tejano/a












III. List:

1. Please list some of the early books, and their dates, published by the Spanish in their colonies.





















2. Please list the 10 states or territories of the United States that published Spanish-language newspapers in the 19th century















IV. Essays: Please answer briefly and succinctly.

1. Identify and discuss the three main functions of the 19th century Spanish-language press as reported in Chapter 2.












2. Discuss the impact of the work of Jovita Idar.














3. Discuss and explain the three categories of newspapers identified by Ernesto Bustillos, editor of Unión del Barrio. Compare them with the findings of Leo Cervantes in discussing the 19th century press.











4. The National Brown Beret Organization published La Causa in Los Angeles. In its issue it published four reasons for the existence of the newspaper and other Chicano publications. Identify and discuss.




5. Identify three Spanishp-language publications that have survived in the 21st century
and are helping set the standard for Spanish-language newspapers in the United States. (Hint, they are not on a list by themselves).


















V. Bonus


Please reveal whom the author dedicated this book to and his reasons for doing so.